After Quoting a Title of a Book Once in an Essay Do You Have to Quote It Again
How to Quote | Citation Examples in APA, MLA & Chicago
Quoting ways copying a passage of someone else'southward words and crediting the source. To quote a source, you must ensure:
- The quoted text is enclosed in quotation marks or formatted as a cake quote.
- The original author is correctly cited.
- The text is identical to the original.
The exact format of a quote depends on how long it is and which commendation style you are using. Quoting and citing correctly is essential to avoid plagiarism.
How to cite a quote in APA, MLA and Chicago
Every time yous quote, you must cite the source correctly. This looks slightly unlike depending on the citation style you're using. Three of the nigh common styles are APA, MLA, and Chicago.
Citing a quote in APA Style
To cite a directly quote in APA, you must include the author'due south terminal name, the year, and a folio number, all separated by commas. If the quote appears on a single page, use "p."; if it spans a folio range, utilize "pp."
An APA in-text citation can be parenthetical or narrative. In a parenthetical commendation, y'all place all the information in parentheses subsequently the quote. In a narrative commendation, you name the author in your sentence (followed by the year), and place the page number later on the quote.
Punctuation marks such as periods and commas are placed afterward the citation, not within the quotation marks.
- Development is a gradual process that "can act merely by very curt and slow steps" (Darwin, 1859, p. 510).
- Darwin (1859) explains that evolution "tin can act only by very short and slow steps" (p. 510).
Citing a quote in MLA Fashion
An MLA in-text citation includes simply the author'south terminal proper noun and a page number. As in APA, it tin be parenthetical or narrative, and a period (or other punctuation mark) appears after the citation.
- Evolution is a gradual procedure that "tin act only by very short and tiresome steps" (Darwin 510).
- Darwin explains that evolution "can deed only past very short and irksome steps" (510).
Citing a quote in Chicago Style
In that location are two versions of Chicago Style citation: the writer-date system, and the notes and bibliography organisation.
The author-date system looks similar to APA: yous include the writer, yr, and folio number in parentheses.
- Evolution is a gradual process that "can act only past very brusk and slow steps" (Darwin 1859, 510).
- Darwin (1859) explains that evolution "tin can act only by very short and slow steps" (510).
The notes and bibliography system uses footnotes to cite sources. A notation, indicated by a superscript number placed directly after the quote, specifies the author, title, and folio number—or sometimes fuller information.
Unlike with parenthetical citations, in this style, the period or other punctuation marker should appear within the quotation marks, followed by the footnote number.
1. Darwin, The Origin of the Species, 510.
In all styles, yous too need to list all the sources yous cited at the cease of your paper. The requirements for formatting this list vary by citation style.
APA Reference PageMLA Works CitedChicago Bibliography
Block quotes
If y'all quote more than a few lines from a source, yous must format it as a cake quote. Instead of using quotation marks, you ready the quote on a new line and indent it so that it forms a dissever block of text.
| Citation manner | When to block quote |
|---|---|
| APA |
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| MLA |
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| Chicago |
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Block quoting is nearly mutual in literary assay, where detailed analysis of the original text requires you to quote at length.
Block quotes are cited the aforementioned equally regular quotes, except that if the quote ends with a menses, the citation appearsafter the flow.
To the end of his days Bilbo could never recall how he found himself outside, without a hat, a walking-stick or whatever money, or annihilation that he usually took when he went out; leaving his second breakfast half-finished and quite unwashed-up, pushing his keys into Gandalf'southward hands, and running as fast as his furry feet could deport him downwards the lane, by the great Factory, beyond The Water, then on for a mile or more. (16)
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Introducing quotes
Avert including quotations as entire stand-alone sentences. Each time you quote, you lot must introduce it in your own words. This shows the reader why you're including the quote and how it relates to your argument.
There are three main strategies y'all can utilise to innovate quotes in a grammatically correct mode. The following examples use APA Way citations, simply these strategies can be used in all styles.
Introductory sentence
Introduce the quote with a full sentence followed by a colon.
If yous name the author in your sentence, you may employ nowadays-tense verbs, such as states,argues,explains, writes, orreports, to draw the content of the quote.
- In Denmark, a recent poll shows that support for the EU has grown since the Brexit vote: "A membership referendum held today would exist backed by 55 percent of Danish voters" (Levring, 2018, p. 3).
- Levring (2018) reports that support for the European union has grown since the Brexit vote: "A membership referendum held today would be backed by 55 percent of Danish voters" (p. 3).
Introductory indicate phrase
Use a signal phrase that mentions the author or source, but doesn't form a full sentence. In this instance, you follow the phrase with a comma instead of a colon.
- According to a recent poll, "A membership plebiscite held today would be backed past 55 percent of Danish voters" (Levring, 2018, p. 3).
- As Levring (2018) explains, "A membership referendum held today would exist backed by 55 percent of Danish voters" (p. 3).
Integrated into your own judgement
To quote a phrase that doesn't course a full judgement, you tin can also integrate it as part of your judgement.
- A recent poll suggests that EU membership "would be backed past 55 percent of Danish voters" in a referendum (Levring, 2018, p. iii).
- Levring (2018) reports that European union membership "would be backed by 55 percent of Danish voters" in a referendum (p. three).
Shortening a quote
If some parts of a passage are redundant or irrelevant, you lot tin shorten the quote past removing words, phrases, or sentences and replacing them with iii dots, called an ellipsis. Most style guides specify that in that location should be a space earlier, after, and between each of the dots.
When yous shorten a quote, be careful that removing the words doesn't modify the meaning. The ellipsis indicates that some text has been removed, but the shortened quote should still accurately stand for the author's indicate.
When should y'all utilise quotes?
In academic papers and essays, you should avert relying likewise heavily on quotes. When you want to refer to information or ideas from a source, it's oftentimes best to paraphrase, which means putting the passage in your own words. This shows that you have fully understood the text and ensures your own voice is dominant.
However, in that location are some situations in which quotes are more than appropriate.
When focusing on language
If you lot want to comment on how the author uses language (for example, in papers about literature, linguistics, communication and media), it is necessary to quote and so that the reader can encounter the exact passage you are referring to.
When giving prove
To convince the reader of your argument, estimation or position on a topic, it's oftentimes helpful to include quotes that support your point. Quotes from primary sources (for example, interview transcripts or historical documents) are especially credible as evidence.
When presenting an author's position or definition
When y'all're referring to secondary sources such as scholarly books and journal articles, the occasional concise quote tin be used to present other authors' theories, arguments or ideas. You can quote to show that your point is supported by an authorization on the topic, or to critique a position that yous disagree with.
Try to put others' ideas in your own words when possible. But if a passage does a slap-up job at expressing, explaining, or defining something, and information technology would be very difficult to paraphrase without changing the meaning or losing the impact, it could be worth quoting directly.
How many quotes should you employ?
The amount of quotes you should include depends on your subject of written report and topic of research.
In scientific subjects, the information itself is more important than how it was expressed, then quotes should generally be kept to a minimum. In the arts and humanities, however, well-called quotes are often essential to a skilful paper.
In social sciences, the amount of quotes you use depends partly on whether you're doing qualitative or quantitative inquiry. If you're dealing mainly with numbers and statistics, y'all shouldn't include many quotes, merely if you're dealing mainly with words, you volition need to quote from the data you collected.
As a general guideline, we recommend that quotes accept up no more than 5–x% of your paper. If in dubiety, check with your instructor or supervisor how much quoting is appropriate in your field.
Oft asked questions about quoting sources
- What is a block quote?
-
A block quote is a long quote formatted as a separate "block" of text. Instead of using quotation marks, yous identify the quote on a new line, and indent the entire quote to marking it autonomously from your ain words.
The rules for when to apply block quote formatting depend on the citation style:
- APA block quotes are xl words or longer.
- MLA block quotes are more than 4 lines of prose or 3 lines of poetry.
- Chicago block quotes are longer than 100 words.
- What is verbatim plagiarism?
-
Verbatim plagiarism means copying text from a source and pasting it directly into your own document without giving proper credit.
Even if y'all delete a few words or replace them with synonyms, it still counts as verbatim plagiarism.
To utilise an author's exact words, quote the original source by putting the copied text in quotation marks and including an in-text citation.
If you're worried abotu plagiarism, consider running your piece of work through a plagiarism checker tool prior to submission, which piece of work by using avant-garde database software to scan for matches betwixt your text and existing texts.
Scribbr'due south Plagiarism Checker takes less than 10 minutes and can help y'all turn in your paper with conviction.
- What is incremental plagiarism?
-
Incremental plagiarism means inserting quotes, passages, or excerpts from other works into your consignment without properly citing the original source.
Even if the vast majority of the text is yours, including any content that isn't without citing it is plagiarism.
Consider using a plagiarism checker yourself earlier submitting your piece of work. Plagiarism checkers work by scanning your document, comparing it to a database of webpages and publications, and highlighting passages that appear similar to other texts.
Scribbr's Plagiarism Checker takes less than 10 minutes and can aid you turn in your paper with confidence.
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